The aim of this opening session is to provide a introduction to UMTS including its history, drivers. The session includes:

• The history of mobile communications, including the origins of 3^rd generation systems and technologies
• The drivers for 3G, including a review of the spectrum requirements, the perceived market demands for 3G, and the services to be offered

• An examination of the standards bodies and status of 3G specifications including UMTS/WCDMA, IMT2000 and cdma2000 standards

The aim of this session is to focus on 3G Services and markets and the implications for the capability of equipment: The session includes

• An introduction to the 2G to 3G technology staircase, highlighting key trends.

• A review of market convergence and the dawning of the IP centric world of this computer/media/telecoms convergence.

• A consideration of the UMTS teleservices, bearer services, supplementary services, multimedia codecs and SIP overview with end to end example.

• A consideration of aspects of UE capabilities embracing capability information, radio access capabilities and system specific capability.

The aim of this session is to provide an overview of fixed network aspects of the UMTS system. The session includes:

• A presentation of the concept of de-coupling the Radio Access Network from the remainder of the Core Network
• An explanation of the various terms and expressions used in connection with the fixed network
• A review of the differences and similarities between the 2G/2.5G and 3G networks including an indication of potential evolutionary growth
• A consideration of how the numbering, addressing and roaming are handled in 3G and in particular how they differ from 2G/2.5G networks
• Some simple examples of call and message flow diagrams illustrating how the different parts of the network are involved in the establishment of a call

A brief consideration of the future network models, in particular the Release 00 all IP model and the consequences that result leading to the concept known as IP convergence.

The aim of this session is to provide a non-technical overview of the UMTS/WCDMA radio interface, and the key network entities including the User Equipment and the UTRAN. The session includes:

• An introduction to the basic concepts employed in the physical layers of the WCDMA radio interface including details on where the radio interface differs from existing 2G and 2.5G technologies
• A walk through of the meaning of the different terms and terminology that are used in connection with the WCDMA radio interface technology
• A description of the features and functions of the radio interface components including the User Equipment, the Node B, and the Radio Network Controller

• An outline of some of the special features utilised by the WCDMA radio interface such as soft handover, and flexible a variable bearer channels

The aim of this opening session is to provide an introduction to UMTS including its history, drivers. The session includes:

• The history of mobile communications, including the origins of 3^rd generation systems and technologies
• The drivers for 3G, including a review of the spectrum requirements, the perceived market demands for 3G, and the services to be offered

• An examination of the standards bodies and status of 3G specifications including UMTS/WCDMA, IMT2000 and cdma2000 standards

The aim of this session is to examine the technology evolution moving from 2G to 3G, the expected market applications for 3G, the service evolution and the service capabilities based on the capabilities of the user equipment. The session includes:

• Consideration of the technology roadmap moving from 2G to 3G highlighting the key technology advances.
• Consideration of the expected market applications of 3G technology highlighting the key technology features that are required to meet these market demands.
• A comparison of the services offered by the UMTS release 99 and release 00 system which are compared with GSM Release 98 Phase 2+ services.
• An examination of the support for the different multi-media services (both packet and circuit switched) is considered, including a review of both the circuit switched (H.324) and the packet switched (H.323, SIP) multi-media codecs

• Consideration of the User Equipment (UE) capabilities and the affect that it has on the services that can be provided to the user.

The aim of this session is to provide a brief overview of the Internet and the key Internet Protocols that will assist in the clarification of UMTS network architecture and how it interacts with the Internet. The session includes:

• A brief review of the key concepts and basic operation of the Internet
• Examination of the design and operation of the Internet Protocol (IP)
• The basic concepts of addressing and routing in the Internet
• Consideration of the structure and operation of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
• Some miscellaneous issues including Real Time Protocols, and RSVP that are used to support time critical multimedia services and QoS requirements respectively

The aim of this session is to provide a wide-ranging general introduction to the UMTS architecture in terms of the functional entities and the interfaces between the entities. The session includes:

• A complete review of the UMTS functional architecture including:
• Functional architecture and operation of the User Equipment (UE)
• Functional architecture and operation of the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN)
• Functional architecture and operation of the Core Network (CN)
• An overview of the user plane and control plane segmentation of protocols
• Consideration of the concepts and implications of dividing the protocol architecture into an Access Stratum and a Non Access Stratum
• Introduction of the concept of a separate Radio Access Network (RAN) from the Core Network and its implications on design and network evolution
• Review of the differences in numbering and addressing between the different modes of operation including the numbering and addressing schemes used in the Core Network and the numbering and addressing schemes used in the UTRAN
• Introduction to the basic principles and differences between the WCDMA FDD and WCDMA TDD modes of operation

The aim of this session is to provide a clear overview of the role and structure of the Core Network (CN), its origins, its evolutionary steps as well as its future construction. The session includes:

• A review of the Release 99 and Release 00 fixed network architecture and protocols for both IP only and mixed mode network architectures
• Introduction to the concepts of the Circuit Switched (CS) CN domain, the basic functions, interfaces and protocols.
• Introduction to the concepts of the packet Switched (PS) CN domain, the basic functions, interfaces and protocols.
• PS domain to Internet connections including Tunnels, PDP contexts and IP address allocation
• Relationships between UMTS network architectures and GSM/GPRS architectures
• Evolutionary considerations moving from 2G GSM/GPRS core network architectures to a 3G R99 network architecture
• The current and future transport and signalling protocols used within the Core Network
• The role of network/terminal intelligent logic such as CAMEL, the SIM Application Toolkit and MExE for service definition and delivery

The aim of this session is to provide an introduction to the basic aspects of modulation, coding, multiplexing and spread spectrum. The session includes:

• The principles of spread spectrum are assessed as a preview to Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) and consideration of spreading and scrambling codes: Walsh functions, Hadamard matrices, PN sequences and Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) codes

• The session continues with de-spreading, starting with a review of the fundamental elements such as the Rake receiver.

• An overview of the fundamentals of modulation, simple modulation schemes are explored prior to a review of schemes appropriate to WCDMA
• The coding segment begins with a review of the basic principles of channel coding, following which block coders/decoders, convolutional coders/decoders and Turbo coders/decoders are discussed

The aim of the session is to examine the basic design and structure of the WCDMA radio interface protocol architecture. The session includes:

• Considerations of the basic structure and differences between the FDD mode and the TDD modes of operation of the WCDMA specification currently being defined by the 3GPP standards group.

• Issues such as support for multiple variable rate traffic and control channels via the different service multiplexing functions where the basic structure of the different physical and transport channels is presented
• An examination of the purpose and properties of the different physical channels (e.g. Random Access Channel, Paging Channel
• A description of the transmission path (looking at how data is coded, multiplexed, combined and how bursts are built) between UE and Node-B for a number of different channel types and scenarios
• A review of the differences and relationships between the physical channels, transport channels and logical channels

• An examination of the radio interface protocol architecture including the features and functions of the different layers such as the Media Access Control layer (MAC), the Radio Link Control layer (RLC) and the Radio Resource Control layer (RRC)

The aim of this session is to explore the functions, design and operation of the UTRAN. The session includes:

• A review of the UTRAN protocol and functional architecture highlighting the key elements
• Functions and operation of the Node B
• Functions and operation of the Radio Network Controller (RNC) highlighting the differences between SRNC, CRNC and DRNC
• Protocol architecture within Node B, CRNC, SRNC and DRNC
• Trace of data flows across radio interface and through UTRAN for signalling and user plane data
• Role and operation of ATM network within UTRAN
• UTRAN role in radio resource control in situations such as soft-handover and power control

• UTRAN synchronisation issues

The aim of this session is to examine a range of different procedures used across the radio interface and within the system. The session includes:

• Review of relationship between Access Stratum and Non-Access Stratum
• Radio Resource Connection procedures and parameters
• IMSI Attach, GPRS Attach and joint procedures
• PDP Context Activation - meaning, procedures and link to the Internet
• Mobile Originated Call (MOC) setup
• Location and Routing Area Updates towards CN
• URA and Cell updates towards UTRAN

The aim of this session is to focus on the operation of the fixed network and its interaction with other systems such as GSM and GPRS. The session includes:

• An examination of a number of issues that are common to all systems that a WCDMA radio is to inter-operate with such as the design and use of WCDMA compressed mode, its use in the context of intersystem operation, and the different forms of handover that are supported.
• A description of the USIM and related intersystem compatibility issues
• A thorough review of the intersystem operation between a GSM and WCDMA system and a GPRS and WCDMA system including a detailed consideration of the messages and message flows between the different networks

• Consideration of the UMTS security architecture
• Review of the UMTS access network security functions including bi-directional authentication, encryption and integrity protection
• Interoperation of GSM security algorithms with UMTS algorithms for dual mode equipment

The aim of this session is to examine a number of issues that are relevant to system deployment and operation. The session includes:

• Consideration of the operation of the random access procedures
• Consideration of the operation of the common packet channel allocation procedures
• System consideration of the implementation and benefits from soft handover
• System consideration of the implementation and benefits from power control
• Consideration of the basic principles and benefits obtained from smart antenna technology
• A consideration of radio network planning issues as they relate to a CDMA system such as WCDMA. Issues considered include the range and link budgets, cell breathing and loading effects as well as planning issues related to handover and power control

The aim of this opening session is to provide a introduction to UMTS including its history, drivers. The session includes:

• The history of mobile communications, including the origins of 3^rd generation systems and technologies
• The drivers for 3G, including a review of the spectrum requirements, the perceived market demands for 3G, and the services to be offered

• An examination of the standards bodies and status of 3G specifications including UMTS/WCDMA, IMT2000 and cdma2000 standards

The aim of this session is to focus on 3G Services and markets and the implications for the capability of equipment: The session includes

• An introduction to the 2G to 3G technology staircase, highlighting key trends.

• A review of market convergence and the dawning of the IP centric world of this computer/media/telecoms convergence.

• A consideration of the UMTS teleservices, bearer services, supplementary services, multimedia codecs and SIP overview with end to end example.

• Considerations of aspects of UE capabilities embracing capability information, radio access capabilities and system specific capability.

The aim of this first of a two part session is to provide a review of the current 2G and 2.5G networks and present the different evolutionary paths that can lead to a 3G network. The division of the network into the UTRAN and the Core Network is considered in detail The session includes:

• A review of the current 2G and 2.5G systems and core networks
• A brief recap on the basic operation of the 2G and 2.5G networks including the circuit switched and the packet switched modes of operation, the concepts of mobility management state.
• An introduction of the concept of separating the traditional wireless network into a Radio Access Network (UTRAN) and a Core Network, and a review of the individual roles and features provided by the UTRAN and the CN
• An overview of the Release 99 UTRAN architecture including a discussion on the separation of the packet switched and circuit switched paths going towards the Core Network
• A description of the evolutionary steps that can be made in moving from 2G to 3G networks, examining which network elements are common and which need updating

• An examination of the Release 99 UTRAN and Core Network equipment including its functions and operation and how the functionality is mapped onto the individual network elements

The aim of this second of two sessions examining the 3G network is to present the functions and operations of the 3G network. The session includes:

• A review of the protocol architecture for the 3G system showing where the protocol functionality resides within both the UTRAN and the CN
• Consideration of the terrestrial transmission options (such as Frame Relay and ATM) that connect the different UTRAN and CN nodes together
• A presentation of the operation of the UTRAN network elements focussing particularly on the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol including topics such as soft handover, power control, packet data access and management
• An overview of the 3G mobility management functions including how the 3G mobility management states are managed, how and when mobiles are registered, and how calls are routed

• A review of the security functions of the UTRAN and how it relates to the 2/2.5G networks.

The purpose of this session is to introduce key features of UMTS technology. The session includes:

• An overview of spread spectrum basics to introduce the key basic principle of all CDMA systems.
• Receiver issues and features are considered as an introduction to the Rake receiver.
• The basic protocol architecture is introduced with physical, transport and logical channel mapping considered. A final section introduces spreading and scrambling fundamental techniques.
• A review of techniques to combine multimedia services in UMTS systems

The aim of this session is to explore the inter-operability and inter-working between 2G and 3G systems. The session includes:

• An overview of the possible implementation and operation between 3G and 2G
• Considerations of the Mobility and Radio Resource Management between the 2G and 3G networks examining the areas of commonality and differences; the UMTS packet switched state, the circuit switched state and their relationships between GSM and GPRS
• A review of the impact of the different 3G mobile equipment multi-mode possibilities (GSM/GPRS/FDD-UMTS/TDD-UMTS)
• An examination of the roaming and handover between 2G and 3G networks with consideration to the database management issues and system and network panning issues

• A final session introduces the fundamentals of security with a consideration of architecture, authentication and ciphering.

The aim of this session is to present parallel technologies that will enable key mobile applications. The session includes an introduction to the fundamentals of:

• MexE
• WAP
• Bluetooth

• The way in which the first two provide key functional extensions to basic UMTS specifications is considered.

• A final section considers how Bluetooth provides a wireless tail interface to augment functionality of 2G & 3G systems through interconnection of digital devices.

The aim of this final session is to present the future developments and trends (R00) and to also step through a summary of the course. The session includes:

• Consideration of the roles and capabilities of multi-media services such as video
• The integration of wireless networks into a coherent communication infrastructure

• The developments and design of an all IP Network, and the industry trends towards IP convergence.

• Course wrap up session including a summary of key points followed by an open discussion on course material and industry trends.

The aim of this opening session is to provide a introduction to UMTS including its history, drivers. The session includes:

• The history of mobile communications, including the origins of 3^rd generation systems and technologies
• The drivers for 3G, including a review of the spectrum requirements, the perceived market demands for 3G, and the services to be offered

• An examination of the standards bodies and status of 3G specifications including UMTS/WCDMA, IMT2000 and cdma2000 standards

The aim of this session is to focus on 3G Services and markets and the implications for the capability of equipment: The session includes

• An introduction to the 2G to 3G technology staircase, highlighting key trends.

• A review of market convergence and the dawning of the IP centric world of this computer/media/telecoms convergence.

• A consideration of the UMTS teleservices, bearer services, supplementary services, multimedia codecs and SIP overview with end to end example.

• A consideration of aspects of UE capabilities embracing capability information, radio access capabilities and system specific capability.

The aim of this session is to provide an introduction to spread spectrum and modulation: The session includes

• A rounded introduction to spread spectrum showing how spread spectrum operates
• Reviews of the different types of spread spectrum based on Pseudo-Noise (PN) sequences and orthogonal waveforms
• An examination of the basic requirements for a spread spectrum system including issues such as processing gain, code length and auto and cross correlation performance.
• An examination of the specific subject of orthogonal waveforms, with a detailed review of the types of orthogonal waveforms including Walsh functions, Hadamard functions and the Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor
• An examination of PN sequences and their role within systems such as WCDMA to provide spreading and scrambling.
• An in-depth examination of the modulation scheme used for WCDMA. Issues such as Nyquist criteria, BER performance and transceiver linearity are all examined for the QPSK modulation scheme selected for WCDMA.

The aim of this session is to provide a hands-on introduction to key aspects of the air interface. The session includes:

• An investigation into the design and performance of spreading and scrambling codes, using a computer based system-modelling tool.

The aim of this session is to provide coverage of the theory and design of the WCDMA channel coding schemes. The session includes:

• An introduction starting with an examination some of the basic theories, block codes and in particular the WCDMA error detection CRC's are examined.
• An exploration of the theory of convolutional codes including an examination of its state and trellis diagrams.
• An investigation of convolutional de-coders starting with Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE) and the more efficient Viterbi algorithm.
• A brief examination of the theory and design of Turbo encoders and de-coders, providing a grounding for the more detailed explanation of the operation of the Turbo decoder in a later session.

The aim of this session is to provide an introduction to the protocol architecture. The session includes:

• An overview of the OSI 7 layer model and a consideration of layers and layering.
• A consideration of the UMTS radio interface protocol architecture, including the features and functions of the following layers: -
• Layer 1 (physical layer),
• Layer 2 (Media Access Control (MAC),
• Radio Link Control (RLC)),
• and finally the only Layer 3 protocol in the UTRAN - Radio Resource Control (RRC).
• A study of the definition of, and the relationships between, logical channels, transport channels and physical channels.
• A review of each of the logical, transport and physical channels is presented including their key features.

The aim of the session is to examine a number of procedures within the radio interface. The session includes:

• An examination specifically of the procedures that are present within the different layers of the radio interface, dividing the session up to examine the layer 1, 2 and 3 procedures.
• A review of the UMTS architecture by considering the different modes and states that a specific UE can be in. These states are defined in terms of the CN states as well as the UTRAN RRC connection modes.
• A consideration of the role and actions that the UE has whilst in Idle mode.
• An examination of the layer 2 procedures considers the principles associated with segmentation and concatenation, with the important issue of the Transport Format model.
• An examination of a wide range of different issues including:

• those mechanisms employed by the UTRAN to configure the physical channels on the radio interface,
• the inter-working and inter-relationship between the Access Stratum and the Non-Access Stratum with examples of message flows etc,
• consideration of the role of the active set and how the UTRAN can control the active set, and finally
• a consideration of QoS issues and relationships to UTRAN controlled parameters.

The aim of this session is to provide a further hands-on introduction to key aspects of the air interface. The session includes:

• An investigation into the design and operation of a simple Rake receiver.

The aim of this session is to examine the detail in the design of the WCDMA radio interface, focussing on the FDD mode of operation. The session includes:

• An examination of the physical channels such as the pilot channels (CPICH), random access channels (PRACH) and packet channels (PCPCH) are examined in terms of their use and structure
• A detailed study each of the channels used on the uplink and the downlink.
• A consideration of the spreading and scrambling circuits used on the different channels.
• A section highlighting the asymmetry between the uplink and the downlink in terms of spreading and scrambling and
• A discussion of the reasons for this asymmetry with particular reference to the use of the Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) waveforms.
• A detailed examination of the timing of the physical channels, with particular reference to the random access procedures and responses and the timing of the common packet channel.

The aim of this session is to focus on the implementation of the WCDMA receiver. The session includes:

• A re-examination of the multipath radio channel, to highlight the problems that need to be overcome by the receiver.
• A consideration of the different forms of diversity that are utilised in the WCDMA receiver.
• A detailed study of the Rake receiver and its basic structure - including the searcher and channel estimator.
• A consideration of the issues related to synchronisation and initial system acquisition. This section includes design considerations for a Fast Walsh transform processor to be used as part of that initial system acquisition.
• A detailed re-visit of the Turbo decoder, including:
• the basic principles of the Turbo decoder are established
• a detailed examination of a specific implementation based on a MAP and Log-MAP algorithm
• a review of the relative performance of the different algorithms, and the trade-offs with the number of iterations given.

The aim of this session is to examine a number of issues related to intersystem operation, security and location services. The session includes:

• An examination of those issues that are common to all systems that a WCDMA radio is to inter-operate with. The common issues include WCDMA compressed mode, its use in the context of intersystem operation, and the different forms of handover that are supported.
• A review of the USIM and intersystem compatibility issues.
• A section which focuses on the intersystem operation between a GSM and WCDMA system and a GPRS and WCDMA system. Consideration is given to the messages and message flows between the different networks.
• A review of the security architecture and the security and authentication procedures present across the radio interface.
• A final section which looks at the location services and in particular those planned for Release 99.

The aim of this session is to examine a number of issues relating to low layer procedures and system features. The session includes:

• An examination of Low Layer procedures such as Random Access and access and assignment of the Common packet Channel.
• A consideration in reasonable detail of Handover and power control from a physical layer perspective.
• A consideration of the concept of hierarchical cell structures and their implementation in the WCDMA system, with particular reference to the use of compressed mode.
• A consideration of Diversity and some of the newer technologies such as smart antennas.
• An investigation of up-link and down-link budgets, range and capacity with reference to their interaction.

The aim of this opening session is to provide a introduction to UMTS including its history, drivers. The session includes:

• The history of mobile communications, including the origins of 3^rd generation systems and technologies
• The drivers for 3G, including a review of the spectrum requirements, the perceived market demands for 3G, and the services to be offered

• An examination of the standards bodies and status of 3G specifications including UMTS/WCDMA, IMT2000 and cdma2000 standards

The aim of this session is to focus on 3G Services and markets and the implications for the capability of equipment: The session includes

• An introduction to the 2G to 3G technology staircase, highlighting key trends.

• A review of market convergence and the dawning of the IP centric world of this computer/media/telecoms convergence.

• A consideration of the UMTS teleservices, bearer services, supplementary services, multimedia codecs and SIP overview with end to end example.

• A consideration of aspects of UE capabilities embracing capability information, radio access capabilities and system specific capability.

As the Internet is seen as one of the main driving forces behind the WCDMA packet

system,the aim of this session is to provide an overview of the implementation of the Internet and the Internet protocols. The session includes:

• A brief review of the Internet history, the architecture and

operation of the Internet based on IP version 4.

• An examination of the main internet protocols (TCP, IP and UDP)
• An examination of key issues such as the definition of URLs
• An exploration of the issues related to routing, mobile IP, tunnelling and

addressing.

• A consideration of Mobility management and address management and resolution.
• A review of the latest changes to the Internet family of protocols, in particular IPV6, QoS and the RSVP protocol.

The aim of these two sessions is to cover the WCDMA network architecture in some detail. The sessions include:

• Brief reviews, by way of comparative refresher, of GSM and GPRS elements.
• A consideration of the definition of the elements in the fixed network for the:
• Release 99 network,
• Release 00 network and
• All IP network.
• The focus of these sections is to determine the main functions and operations performed by these nodes, in particular the SGSN and GGSN.
• A presentation of the protocols interconnecting these nodes.
• A review of the different transmission options between the nodes.
• A consideration of specific technologies in terms of their role in providing the control and transmission options for the UMTS system.

The aim of these sessions is to provide an introduction to spread spectrum and modulation. The session includes:

• A rounded introduction to spread spectrum showing how spread spectrum operates
• A review of the different types of spread spectrum based on Pseudo-Noise (PN) sequences and orthogonal waveforms.
• An examination of the basic requirements for a spread spectrum system including issues such as processing gain, code length and auto and cross correlation performance.
• An examination of orthogonal waveforms, with a detailed review of the types of orthogonal waveforms including Walsh functions, Hadamard functions and the Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor.
• An examination of PN sequences and their role within systems such as WCDMA to provide spreading and scrambling.
• An in-depth examination of the modulation scheme used for WCDMA. Issues such as Nyquist criteria, BER performance and transceiver linearity are all examined for the QPSK modulation scheme selected for WCDMA.

The aim of this session is to provide a hands-on introduction to key aspects of the air interface. The session includes:

• An investigation into the design and performance of spreading and scrambling codes, using a computer based system-modelling tool.

The aim of this session is to provide an introduction to the protocol architecture. The session includes:

• An overview of the OSI 7 layer model and a consideration of layers and layering.
• A consideration of the UMTS radio interface protocol architecture, including the features and functions of the following layers: -
• Layer 1 (physical layer),
• Layer 2 (Media Access Control (MAC),
• Radio Link Control (RLC)),
• and finally the only Layer 3 protocol in the UTRAN - Radio Resource Control (RRC).
• A study of the definition of, and the relationships between, logical channels, transport channels and physical channels.
• A review of each of the logical, transport and physical channels is presented including their key features.

The aim of this first of two sessions is to examine a number of procedures within the radio interface. The session includes:

• A look specifically at the procedures that are present within the different layers of the radio interface. Dividing the session up to examine the layer 1, 2 and 3 procedures.
• A review of the UMTS architecture by considering the different modes and states that a specific UE can be in. These states are defined in terms of the CN states as well as the UTRAN RRC connection modes.
• A consideration of the role and actions that the UE has whilst in Idle mode.
• A consideration of the layer 2 procedures including an examination of the principles associated with segmentation and concatenation, and finishing with the important issue of the Transport Format model.

The aim of this second session is to examine a range of further issues. The session includes:

• An examination of the flow of data through the layers of the WCDMA radio interface.
• A review of the mechanisms employed by the UTRAN to configure the physical channels on the radio interface.
• A consideration of the inter-working and inter-relationship between the Access Stratum and the Non-Access Stratum with examples of message flows etc.
• A consideration of the role of the active set and how the UTRAN can control the active set
• A consideration of the QoS issues and how they are related to parameters that can be controlled by the UTRAN.

The aim of this session is to examine the detail in the design of the WCDMA radio interface, focussing on the FDD mode of operation. The session includes:

• An examination of the physical channels such as the pilot channels (CPICH), random access channels (PRACH) and packet channels (PCPCH) in terms of their use and structure.
• A detailed study of each of the channels used on the uplink and the downlink.
• A consideration of the spreading and scrambling circuits used on the different channels.
• A review of the asymmetry between the uplink and the downlink in terms of spreading and scrambling.
• A discussion on the reasons for this asymmetry with particular reference to the use of the Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) waveforms.
• An examination in detail of the timings of the physical channels, with particular reference to the random access procedures and responses and the timing of the common packet channel.

The aim of this session is to cover the theory and design of the WCDMA channel coding schemes. The theories and techniques described in this section are utilised in a later section addressing the specific implementation of the WCDMA receiver. The session includes:

• An examination of some of the basic theories, block codes and in particular the WCDMA error detection CRC's.
• An examination of the theory of convolutional codes, including an exploration of its state and trellis diagrams.
• An investigation of Convolutional de-coders starting with Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE) and the more efficient Viterbi algorithm, including a number of hands-on exercises to illustrate their operation more clearly.
• A brief examination of the theory and design of Turbo encoders and de-coders is included since Turbo codes are a relatively new technique to be applied to coding systems. This provides background information for the more detailed explanation of the operation of the Turbo decoder in a later session.

The aim of these sessions is to focus on the implementation of the WCDMA receiver. The session includes:

• A re-examination of the multipath radio channel to highlight the problems that need to be overcome by the receiver.
• A consideration of the different forms of diversity that are utilised in the WCDMA receiver.
• A study of the Rake receiver and its basic structure
• A detailed review of the searcher and channel estimator.
• A consideration of the issues related to synchronisation and initial system acquisition.
• Design considerations for a Fast Walsh transform processor to be used as part of that initial system acquisition.
• An indepth re-visit of the Turbo decoder, including establishing the basic principles of the Turbo decoder.
• An detailed examination of a specific implementation based on a MAP and Log-MAP algorithm.
• A review the relative performance of the different algorithms, and the trade-offs with the number of iterations given.

The aim of this session is to provide a further hands-on introduction to key aspects of the air interface. The session includes:

• An investigation into the design and operation of a simple Rake receiver.

The aim of this session is to examine number of issues related to intersystem operation, security and location services. The session includes:

• An examination of those issues that are common to all systems that a WCDMA radio is to inter-operate with. The common issues include WCDMA compressed mode, its use in the context of intersystem operation, and the different forms of handover that are supported.
• A review of the USIM and intersystem compatibility issues.
• A section which focuses on the intersystem operation between a GSM and WCDMA system and a GPRS and WCDMA system. Consideration is given to the messages and message flows between the different networks.
• A review of the security architecture and the security and authentication procedures present across the radio interface.
• A final section which looks at the location services and in particular those planned for Release 99.

The aim of this session is to examine a number of issues relating to low layer procedures and system features. The session includes:

• An examination of Low Layer procedures such as Random Access and access and assignment of the Common packet Channel.
• A consideration in reasonable detail of Handover and power control from a physical layer perspective.
• A consideration of the concept of hierarchical cell structures and their implementation in the WCDMA system, with particular reference to the use of compressed mode.
• A consideration of Diversity and some of the newer technologies such as smart antennas.
• An investigation of up-link and down-link budgets, range and capacity with reference to their interaction.

The aim of this session is to provide a further hands-on introduction to key aspects of the air interface. The session includes:

• An investigation into the design and operation of a simple Rake receiver.

• Refresh on the services and facilities provided by the UMTS system
• Refresh on the basics of WCDMA radio interface
• Refresh on the basics of the UTRAN
• Refresh on the basics of the UMTS Core Network and its relationships to GSM
• Consideration of the current and future network architecture
• Examination of the architecture, role and operation of the Quality of Service (QoS) concepts in Release 99 and Release 2000 architectures

• ATM Overview - basic principles of operation, typical UMTS deployment architecture within the UTRAN, and between the UTRAN and CN
• Examination of the differences and operation of ATM adaptation layers AAL2 and AAL5 in the context of its deployment within the UTRAN
• Exploration of some example scenarios (exchange of signalling messages, packet switched user data and circuit switched user data) looking at issues such as the mapping of information streams onto ATM cells
• Principles behind the UTRAN Access Link Control Application Protocol (ALCAP) including concepts of binding address ID and relationships between transport channels IDs and ATM addressing
• Examination of the relationship between radio interface transport channels and their flow through the UTRAN
• Basic concepts and operation of Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP), Radio Network Subsystem Application Part (RNSAP) and Node B Application Part (NBAP). Examples of operation given for scenarios such as soft handover preparation and activation, circuit switched call setup and radio interface power control
• Consideration of the support given by the UTRAN to the Advanced Multi-Rate Speech Codec (AMR) including the allocation of channels and transmission capacity
• Consideration of the support given by the UTRAN to the circuit switched multimedia call service
• Basic principles and considerations required for UTRAN synchronisation (RNC to Node B, RNC to RNC and RNC to Core Network)
• Support for location services within UTRAN including role and operation of UTRAN LCS entities
• Consideration of UTRAN dimensioning issues including traffic shaping, radio interface capacity and ATM transmission capacity

• Nature and role of SS7 and MAP protocols moving from GSM to UMTS
• An explanation and examination of the basic concepts of the UMTS Virtual Home Environment (VHE) and its relationship to the Open Service Architecture (OSA) and the OSA API
• Consideration of the terminal centric VHE enabling applications (Mobile Executable Environment - MExE, and the SIM Application Toolkit (SAT)) as well as the network centric enabling applications CAMEL Application Part (CAP) and the Mobile Application Part (MAP)
• Presentation of the basic architecture and services offered by the CAMEL phase 3 activities
• Highlight the key attributes of CAMEL phase 4

• Issues related to the support of Voice over IP (VoIP) based on H.323 and SIP with particular reference to the use of CAMEL to manage the calls

• Examination of the charging and billing issues related to circuit switched and packet switched services
• Overview of the UMTS optimal routing procedures including some examples of the use of optimal routing as well as an overview of the elements and protocols involved
• A review of the super charger concepts, their benefits and some examples of its use in a typical scenario

• Support of Localised Service Area (SoLSA) within the UMTS network - an overview of the basic concepts, implementation issues including its interworking
• Examination of the role of the Gateway Location Register (GLR) in the UMTS system. Considerations include the basic location and architecture of the GLR, its features and operation.

• Presentation of the basic principles of IPv4 and the additions and modifications required when moving to IPv6
• Consideration of the support for Mobile IP (MIP) in UMTS, considering the architecture, protocols and operation as well as its relationship with the GPRS protocols
• Examination of the basics of the GPRS service architecture and protocols including the basic concepts of GMM states and PDP contexts
• Exploration of both the Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) and Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) architecture, functions and operation. Where possible, examples of performance metrics for commercially available SGSN equipment will be made
• Investigation of the GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) including its basic methodology, routing, addressing, signalling and QoS issues.

• Examination of the basic operation of CAMEL with respect to UMTS services such as GPRS based packet services

• Consideration of a number of scenarios that examine the end-to-end message flows required for a mobile performing a GPRS Attach and a subsequent PDP Context Activation. Includes issues such as the roles of the SGSN, GGSN, source of the mobile IP address and the signalling necessary to establish an IP tunnel and related issues

• Review of the proposed 3G security architecture
• Examination of the basic security principles of bi-directional authentication and message authentication (integrity protection)
• Consideration of the role of certificates from "Trusted Organisations" within the confines of the UMTS security system
• Introduction to the basic UMTS Telecom Management principles and architecture
• Examination of the configuration management issues related to a UMTS network and its relationship to CORBA and CMIP solutions

• Review of the current status of the all IP architecture
• Principles of operation of entities such as the Media Gateway, Call State Control Functions (CSCF), Signalling Gateways (TSGW, RSGW) and the Home Subscriber Server (HSS)
• Overview and current status of the different internal interfaces present in the all IP architecture
• Considerations of the basic protocols in operation in the all IP network as well as the basic methodology for the operation of the all IP network
• Examination of the interworking and interoperation issues between the all IP architecture and the R99 CS and PS network architectures
• QoS issues for the all IP core network architecture

This session provides a basic review of the UMTS system including:

• Recap of the architecture of UMTS and the capabilities of the user equipment
• Review of the concept of quality of service, and the different aspects of QoS that are appropriate for different services
• Recap on the principles of spread spectrum, the use of spreading codes and scrambling codes.

• Introduction to the basic structure of some key WCDMA physical channels for both the uplink and the downlink
• Presentation of the basic CDMA principles of soft handover and power control and how they are applied in the WCDMA system in both the uplink and the downlink

This session provides a basic review of the key concepts that affect the performance of a WCDMA radio system including:

• Review of the various propagation loss models, and the concepts of signal fading, multipath and diversity
• Introduction to the basic link budget parameters K, T, B, Noise Figure, ERP and path loss
• Analysis of the effects of bandwidth on the link budget in terms of path loss differences and translation into range estimates based on some simple path loss models
• Introduction to the concept of Eb/No its relationship to the signal to noise ratio and the effects of coding gain
• Introduction to the concept of Ec/No and its relationship to Eb/No
• Investigation into the effects of spreading factor and bandwidth on the link budget in terms of path loss and range

The first practical is an introduction to a network planning tool, which will be used in the remainder of the course to simulate the performance of a simple UMTS network.

This session examines the issues involved in dimensioning a UMTS network, in particular the link budget and traffic issues:

• Examination of the issues that need to be considered when deriving a nominal cell plan

• Introduction to the origins and effects of multiple access interference in a CDMA system highlighting the similarities and differences between the uplink and downlink and presenting the concept of spread interference Io
• Investigation into the effects of the number of users on path loss, the concept of cell breathing and differences between uplink and downlink
• Examination of the trade-off between capacity and coverage in a UMTS system

• Consideration of the likely roll-out plans in terms of user density and location and their likely traffic requirements with time, highlighting of the key issues

• Introduction to some different traffic models that can be used for CS and PS connections in the WCDMA system
• Consideration of the performance issues for the different traffic models and their effect on the overall system traffic model
• Estimation of the cell radius by consideration of the capacity-coverage model and the traffic model

The second practical investigates the link budget of a typical CDMA system, in order to estimate the capacity and coverage of the network.

This section examines the detailed cell planning and optimisation of the parameters of a UMTS system:

• Review the issues that affect cell site design. Examine the effects of antenna beamwidth, downtilt and number of sectors

• Examine the power allocation to the downlink common channels Examine the performance of the uplink random access channel

• Review how the downlink scrambling codes are grouped. Review the acquisition procedure. Examine how the downlink scrambling codes can be assigned. Examine the use of multiple scrambling codes

• Compare the coverage of UMTS and GSM. Show how the capacity and coverage of UMTS can be optimised. Examine UMTS interference issues

• Examine the use of a noise rise limit for admission control. Review some of the implications of a noise rise limit. Examine some techniques for load control

• Review the soft handover algorithm. Investigate variation of the soft handover parameters in an example network

• Understand the need for a network planning simulation. Review the operation and limitations of an example network planning tool. Illustrate some results from the. network planning tool.

The third practical simulates the performance of an actual UMTS network that uses parameters derived from the link budget in practical 2, in order to identify the service areas, regions of poor coverage and handover states of the network. The variation of network performance with cell loading is also examined.

This session examines in greater detail four additional system techniques:

• Consideration of the different modes of downlink transmits diversity and a summary of their performance benefits.

• Discussion of dynamic resource allocation control (DRAC) including showing how DRAC is implemented.
• Explanation of the basic principles of smart antennas including an understanding of how smart antennas are implemented and a summary of their benefits.

• Explanation of multi-user detection algorithms, including their principles of operation, example algorithms and their performance benefits.

The final practical develops the simulations further, to examine the effects on the performance of the UMTS network of issues such as data rate, service type, traffic planning and handover planning.

The objective of this section is to describe the basic concepts and requirements for a mobile data solution. The main emphasis is to establish the difference between circuit switched and packet switched data, and the likely services and applications provided by the GPRS network. In particular the session will consider:

• Classic data communication architecture (DTE/DCE)
• Examples of existing wired data protocols
• Definition of GPRS (i.e. what is it)
• CS/PS differences
• Services and
• Applications

The objective of this session is to provide a basic grounding in the concepts of the Internet and the key Internet protocols such as the Internet Protocol, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). In particular this session will consider the following:

• Basics on Internet Structure
• Basics of Internet Protocol
• Basics of TCP and UDP protocols
• Basics of Routing and Addressing (Interior Gateway Protocols and Exterior Gateway Protocols)
• Basics of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
• Basics of Domain Name System (DNS)
• Basics of Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
• Basics of other key protocols such as Real Time Protocol (RTP) / Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP), Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) / Service Description Protocol (SDP) and Diffserv/ ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP)

The objective for this session is to explore the basic structure and operation of the Internet Mobile IP protocol. The session will focus on the key network elements that are required, and a consideration of the basic methods of operation. In particular the session will consider:

• Basic concepts of mobile IP
• Reasons for mobile IP
• Home agent entity purpose and functions
• Foreign agent entity purpose and functions
• Operation of mobile IP

The objective for this session is to introduce the basic concepts of the role and operation of the Frame Relay protocol as used for the transmission link on the GPRS network. The session will consider:

• Basic principles of frame relay
• Basic method of operation of frame relay
• Use of frame relay in GPRS

The objective for this session is to explore the basic structure and operation of the GPRS architecture and the interfaces between the architecture components. In particular the session will consider:

• The purpose and function of the following network elements BSS, PCU, SGSN, GGSN
• The structure and purpose of the interfaces between the network elements

The objective for this session is to describe the basic structure of the GPRS radio interface, its operation with GSM and the protocols used in the radio interface. In particular the session will consider:

• The definition of the protocol architecture including the packet data logical channels
• The mapping of channels logical to physical
• The radio frame multiplexing structure
• Radio resource modes and procedures (packet transfer, idle mode concept and procedures, dual transfer (mobile class), paging
• The RF layer/physical layer (GSM and EDGE)
• The link layer including coding and QoS issues (GSM and EDGE)
• The basic structure and procedures provided by the MAC and RLC entities

The objective for this session is to examine the structure and purpose of the key protocols within the GPRS network. In particular the session will consider the following:

• Basic protocol architecture
• Basic principles of tunnelling - tunnel header and tunnel endpoints
• Backbone network protocols
• Radio interface protocol architecture

The objective for this session is to consider the basic operation of the GPRS network. The session will consider mainly the core network aspects of the operation of the GPRS network including the following:

• GPRS Addresses and identifiers (both radio and core network), their use and allocation
• GPRS Routing Areas, their use allocation and control
• GPRS Mobility Management: GPRS Attach/Detach, MM Contexts (information stored in SGSN and GGSN)
• GPRS Session Management: PDP Contexts, PDP Addresses, Access Point Name
• Security issues such as authentication, encryption and user identity confidentiality
• GPRS Billing procedures
• Example procedures

The objective for this session is to examine the mobile station including its likely architecture, any performance issues and its relationship with any external data devices. In particular the session will consider:

• The mobile physical / logical architecture
• Mobile classes and performance issues
• The dual operation of the mobile with GSM
• The TE interface to external data devices such as PDAs
• The MT/TE interconnection, IP address assignment issues

The objective for this session is to examine the changes that will occur to move the GPRS system from a 2G technology to a 3G technology. The session will focus on the following:

• The 3G GPRS protocol architecture changes
• The 3G mobile equipment changes
• Changes to 3G protocol operation

This session begins with an overview of the course, and continues with a review of the key concepts that are used to estimate the link budget of a UMTS radio system:

The first practical begins with a review of the requirements specification for the example 3G network that will be designed in the practical sessions. It continues with a calculation of the capacity-coverage relationship of the network, for various different environments and service mixes.

This session introduces the techniques that are used for traffic modelling in a UMTS radio system:

In the second practical, the traffic requirements are analysed in order to estimate the load from each of the different services in each of the different network environments, taking into account the overheads required for circuit switched and packet switched data. The traffic requirements are compared with the previous estimate of the capacity-coverage relationship, in order to calculate the cell radius in each of the different network environments and the resultant quality of service.

This session reviews the factors that affect site selection in a 3G radio network:

The third practical begins with an intermediate presentation of the results from sessions 1 and 2. It continues with an examination of the example network in the 3G radio planning tool, assessing the existing sites and identifying the requirement for new sites. The site locations and antenna parameters are determined, and an initial estimate of the performance of the network is made by means of a static simulation.

This section considers the factors that affect parameter selection in a 3G radio network:

The fourth practical begins with an assessment of the various different parameters that determine the operation of the base stations and the network. The values of these parameters are determined, and simulations of the network are run in order to establish the performance of the network over a range of different operating conditions. The network performance is reviewed and compared with the requirements specification, and any deficiencies are identified.

This session assess the various different ways to optimise the performance of a 3G radio network:

In the final practical, a number of ways of optimising the performance of the network are identified. Simulations are run in order to modify the network parameters, quantify any improvement in performance and check that no deficiencies are introduced. The practical concludes with a final presentation of the performance of the network in the light of the requirements specification.

The objective of this section is to provide background information on the basic principles of mobile data communications. In particular the session will consider:

• Basic elements in a mobile data communication system including the differences between Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Data Communications Equipment (DCE)
• Differences and benefits between Circuit Switched (CS) and Packet Switched (PS) communications
• Introduction to the basic concepts of the Internet including the Internet Protocol (IP) and some of the other important Internet protocols such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
• Introduction to the problems of mobile internet access and the basic principles defined by the Mobile IP protocol (MIP) and how it forms the basics of the GPRS system
• Introduction to the basic services to be offered using the GPRS network

The objective of this section is to provide an overview of the GPRS network architecture, in particular the new network components, principles and interfaces embodied in the network architecture. In addition, the structure and role of the MS in the GPRS network will be considered including the different classes of MS available for GPRS. In particular the session will consider:

• The purpose and functions of the Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN), Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) and the Packet Control Unit (PCU)
• Consideration of the new interfaces between the different network elements
• Basic principles of Frame Relay and its role in the GPRS network
• Examination of the different MS classes
• Interworking between GSM and GPRS issues
• External data interfaces between a GPRS mobile and an external device such as a PDA

The objective of this section is to introduce the basic principles and concepts associated with the operation of the GPRS radio interface. In particular the session will consider:

• Definition and purpose of the channels defined for GPRS
• Radio frame structure and multiplexing of data onto the frame structure
• Radio resource modes and operation of the radio interface (packet transfer, packet idle
• Changes to the GSM/GPRS physical layer to support the new EDGE modulation
• Consideration of the different Coding Schemes (CS) applied to GPRS and EDGE and its impact on the user data rate

The objective for this session is to consider the basic operation of the GPRS network. The session will consider mainly the core network aspects of the operation of the GPRS network including the following:

• GPRS Addresses and identifiers (both radio and core network), their use and allocation
• GPRS Routing Areas, their use allocation and control
• GPRS Mobility Management: GPRS Attach/Detach, MM Contexts (information stored in SGSN and GGSN)
• GPRS Session Management: PDP Contexts, PDP Addresses, Access Point Name
• Security issues such as authentication, encryption and user identity confidentiality
• GPRS Billing procedures
• Example procedures
• Principles, structure and operation of the GPRS Roaming Exchange (GRX)

The objective of this section is to provide a general introduction to GSM including the services offered by GSM. In particular the session will consider:

• History of GSM
• Introduction to basic concepts of cellular communications
• Overview of fundamental principles surrounding cellular radio systems (basics of propagation, fading, interference, cells and frequency re-use)
• Differences between analogue and digital communications and benefits associated with digital
• Introduction to basic services provided by GSM
• Overview of main GSM teleservices including speech, basic principles of speech service, speech codecs, and different speech codecs designed for GSM
• Introduction to SMS - point-to-point and cell broadcast service
• Consideration of the different GSM supplementary services

The objective of this section is to provide a general introduction to the architecture, components and interfaces within the GSM network. In the second part, the basic principles and structure of the GSM radio interface is considered. In particular the session will consider:

• Structure and operation of Mobile Station and SIM and some of the different numbers and addresses associated with the MS and SIM
• Review of the Base Station System (BSS), its key components (BTS and BSC) and the typical structure of a GSM radio site including microwave links
• Overview of the Network Sub-System (NSS), its key operational elements (MSC, VLR, HLR, EIR, AuC), their functions and the interfaces between these key elements
• Structure and role of the Operations Sub-System (OSS)
• Introduction to the basic principles and differences between the GSM transmission and signalling network

The objective of this section is to introduce some of the many procedures and concepts used in the operation of the GSM network. In particular the session will consider:

• Basic concepts of mobility management starting with the concepts of MSC areas, location areas and cells
• Consideration of the activity of the mobile starting from initial power on, looking at the processes that the mobile passes through including procedures such as initial registration (Attach) and finishing with the switch-off procedure (Detach)
• Examination of the procedures such as paging and its relationship to the location updates whilst a mobile is in an idle state
• Overview of the basic security procedures utilised in the GSM system including authentication and encryption
• Introduction to some simple call flow models for the Mobile Originated Call (MOC) and the Mobile Terminated Call (MTC)
• Overview of international roaming and the procedures associated with international roaming
• Review of the dynamic call control features included in GSM including the measurements made by an MS, details of neighbour cells and basic principles associated with handover
• Examination of the basic principles associated with the creation and delivery of an SMS message

The objective of this section is to provide an introduction to the basic procedures associated with the billing of GSM services, and overview of the Intelligent Network (IN) and its role in providing prepaid services. Also some of the basic data services are review including data rates, WAP and new techniques such as the SIM Application Toolkit (SAT). The final section will look at the future for GSM including changes to the basic standard as well as the new associated standards such as GPRS, EDGE and UMTS that will be considered in later sections. In particular the session will consider:

• GSM billing procedures - nationally and inter-nationally
• Intelligent Network (IN) and its embodiment in GSM (CAMEL) and its role in pre-paid services
• GSM data services
• WAP basics, architecture and principles of operation
• MExE concepts and basics of operation
• SIM Application Toolkit (SAT)
• GPRS, EDGE and UMTS, the future for GSM

The objective of this section is to introduce the basic concepts associated with UMTS and the basic objectives for UMTS. In particular the session will consider: